What maternal condition is often associated with an increased incidence of neural tube defects in newborns?

Folate deficiency is closely linked to an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in newborns. Adequate levels of folate, a B vitamin, are essential for proper neural development during the early stages of pregnancy, particularly in the first few weeks when the neural tube is forming. Insufficient folate can lead to incomplete closure of the neural tube, resulting in conditions such as spina bifida and anencephaly.

Public health recommendations emphasize the importance of women of childbearing age consuming sufficient folic acid, either through diet or supplementation, to reduce the risk of these congenital anomalies. Foods rich in folate, such as leafy greens, fortified cereals, and legumes, are encouraged.

Although hypertension, diabetes, and obesity can also be associated with various pregnancy complications and risks for the newborn, they are not specifically linked to an increased incidence of neural tube defects in the same direct manner as folate deficiency. Thus, ensuring appropriate folate intake is a key preventative measure for reducing the incidence of neural tube defects in infants.