What should an unsensitized Rh-negative mother whose baby is Rh positive receive within 72 hours of birth?

For an unsensitized Rh-negative mother whose baby is Rh positive, it is critical to provide Rh immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin) within 72 hours of birth. This intervention is essential to prevent the development of Rh sensitization in the mother, which can lead to complications in future pregnancies. When an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby, there is a risk that fetal Rh-positive blood cells can enter the maternal circulation during or after delivery, triggering an immune response. If the mother becomes sensitized, her body could produce antibodies against Rh-positive blood cells, posing risks to subsequent Rh-positive pregnancies, including hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Administering 300 mcg of Rho(D) ensures that the mother does not form antibodies against Rh-positive blood. This standard practice significantly reduces the chances of complications in future pregnancies, making it a crucial part of maternal care in this situation.

Other options, such as testing of the father's blood type or administering a diuretic, are not relevant to the immediate care needed for the mother and newborn in this context. There is no need for further treatment if the Rh-negative mother has already received the recommended Rho(D) immune globulin postpartum.