What test is appropriate for a newborn born to an HIV-positive mother?

The most appropriate test for a newborn born to an HIV-positive mother is the DNA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test before 48 hours of age. This test is crucial because it detects the presence of the virus itself rather than antibodies. Newborns can acquire maternal antibodies through placental transfer, which can lead to false-positive results with antibody tests if conducted too early.

Performing the PCR test within the first 48 hours of life allows for a timely and accurate assessment of whether the infant is infected with HIV. Early diagnosis is essential for initiating treatment and providing appropriate care to the newborn. Furthermore, if the infant tests positive using the PCR test, it paves the way for rapid medical intervention, which is vital for improving health outcomes.

Other testing methods, such as antibody-based tests, are not suitable in the newborn period due to the presence of maternal antibodies and their inability to accurately reflect the infant's own HIV status until several months after birth. Therefore, the PCR test stands out as the gold standard for early and reliable detection of HIV in infants born to HIV-positive mothers.